|  
             English 
              version 
            An introduction 
              to the poem: King 
              Joao II (or John II) was probably the most influential Portuguese 
              king in terms of world history. He devised and set the objectives 
              that were to persist and direct the Portuguese expansion: the domain 
              over sea routes without (whenever possible) territorial conquest 
              of countries requiring manpower that the country could ill afford; 
              and the reach for the spice lands and particularly for India (Prince 
              Henry before him had started the Age of Discovery but, as far as 
              is known today, never set India as a goal). It was also under John 
              II that the modern concept of exploration was applied: Diogo Cao, 
              Bartolomeu Dias, Pero da Covilha, Duarte Pacheco Pereira and others 
              left Lisbon with the sole intent of gathering information on new 
              lands, winds and populations without any concern of immediate commercial 
              gains. 
            King Joao 
              the Second  
            Arms 
              crossed, he stares beyond the sea 
             
              Resembling the promontory of a high mountain ridge- 
             
              The limit of the land dominating 
             
              The sea that may exist beyond the land. 
              
             
              His formidable solitary hulk 
            Fills 
              with his presence the sea and the sky, 
            And 
              the bewildered world seems to fear 
            That 
              he will open his arms and tear away its veil. 
             |